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2025-06-082025-07-06运维数据库Mysql安装
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mysql部署-gpt ​

centos7安装 6.0以下mysql ？

在 CentOS 7 上安装 MySQL 5.7 或更低版本（如 MySQL 5.6） 的步骤如下。由于 MySQL 官方已停止维护旧版本，推荐使用 MariaDB（MySQL 分支）作为替代。若仍需安装原生 MySQL 5.6/5.7，需通过官方历史仓库或手动编译安装。

方法 1：安装 MySQL 5.7（推荐） ​

MySQL 5.7 是较旧的稳定版本，仍被部分老项目使用。以下是安装步骤：

1. 添加 MySQL 5.7 Yum 仓库 ​

bash
sudo rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

2. 安装 MySQL 5.7 ​

bash
sudo yum install mysql-community-server -y

#用下面这个
sudo yum install mysql-community-server -y --nogpgcheck

3. 启动 MySQL 并设置开机自启 ​

bash
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

4. 获取临时密码 ​

MySQL 5.7 首次安装会生成临时密码：

bash
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

输出类似：

2023-01-01T00:00:00.000000Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Abc123!@#

5. 安全配置 MySQL ​

运行安全脚本：

bash
sudo mysql_secure_installation

按提示操作：

  1. 输入临时密码。
  2. 设置新密码（需符合复杂度要求，如 MyNewPass@123）。
  3. 移除匿名用户、禁止远程 root 登录、删除测试数据库等。

6. 验证安装 ​

bash
mysql -u root -p

输入密码后进入 MySQL Shell，运行：

sql
SELECT VERSION();

应输出 5.7.x。

方法 2：安装 MySQL 5.6（不推荐，仅限特殊需求） ​

MySQL 5.6 已停止支持，需手动启用旧版仓库：

1. 禁用默认 MySQL 8.0 仓库 ​

bash
sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community

2. 启用 MySQL 5.6 仓库 ​

bash
sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community

3. 安装 MySQL 5.6 ​

bash
sudo yum install mysql-community-server -y

后续步骤与 MySQL 5.7 相同（启动服务、安全配置等）。

方法 3：安装 MariaDB 5.5（兼容 MySQL 5.6） ​

如果项目兼容 MariaDB，推荐使用它（更安全且持续更新）：

1. 安装 MariaDB 5.5 ​

bash
sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y

2. 启动并配置 ​

bash
sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo mysql_secure_installation

3. 验证版本 ​

bash
mysql -V

输出类似：

mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.68-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)

常见问题 ​

1. 如何卸载旧版本 MySQL？ ​

bash
sudo yum remove mysql-server mysql-community-server
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

2. 如何修改 MySQL 密码策略？ ​

编辑配置文件：

bash
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf

添加：

ini
[mysqld]
validate_password_policy=LOW
validate_password_length=4

重启 MySQL：

bash
sudo systemctl restart mysqld

3. 如何允许远程访问？ ​

登录 MySQL 后执行：

sql
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

并开放防火墙：

bash
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

版本对比 ​

版本状态推荐场景
MySQL 5.6已停止支持仅限遗留系统
MySQL 5.7维护至 2023-10旧项目过渡
MariaDB 5.5持续维护兼容 MySQL 5.6

总结 ​

  • 推荐方案：优先使用 MariaDB 或 MySQL 5.7。
  • 强制需求：若必须用 MySQL 5.6，需手动启用旧仓库。
  • 安全提醒：旧版本存在漏洞，建议升级或使用替代方案。

如果有特殊需求（如特定补丁版本），可考虑手动编译安装，但复杂度较高。

步骤 ​

bash
[root@localhost conf.d]#sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2025-06-08T00:42:17.640714Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 1;,L(nNjJ9&Z
[root@localhost conf.d]#sudo mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : no

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : yes
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : no

 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : yes
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : yes
Success.

All done! 
[root@localhost conf.d]#
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