头像 余温Gueen
头像
余温Gueen
-- : -- : --
-- : -- : --
hugo-teek is loading...
k8s +2 k8s部署kubeadmin 6800 字 34 分钟 -- 次

实战-部署一套完整的企业级高可用K8s集群-成功测试-阿良-20211020

最后更新于:

实战：部署一套完整的企业级高可用K8s集群(成功测试)-2021.10.20

img

文档版本

时间事项作者
2021.10.20创建文档彦
2022.10.15优化部分步骤彦

实验环境

1实验环境：
21、win10,vmwrokstation虚机；
32、k8s集群：3台centos7.6 1810虚机，2个master节点,1个node节点 
4   k8s version：v1.20
5   CONTAINER-RUNTIME：docker://20.10.7

1、硬件环境

3台虚机 2c2g,20g。(nat模式，可访问外网)

角色主机名ip
master节点k8s-master1172.29.9.41
master节点k8s-master2172.29.9.42
node节点k8s-node1172.29.9.43
VIP/172.29.9.88

👉 注意：

本次复用3个k8s node节点来模拟etcd节点；(注意：这里是测试环境，etcd集群就复用了k8s的3个节点，实际工作环境，可以单独使用机器来组成etcd集群；)

2个master节点来做高可用；

1个工作节点来跑负载；

2、软件环境

软件版本
操作系统centos7.6_x64 1810 mini(其他centos7.x版本也行)
docker20.10.7-ce
kubernetesv1.20.0

3、架构图

  • 理论图：

img

  • 实际拓扑图：

img

实验软件

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1-QDyJBsJizN8SbBHAp-JXQ

提取码：1b25

1实验软件：部署一套完整的企业级高可用K8s集群-20211020

img

1、基础环境配置

👉 all节点均要配置

1.基础信息配置

 1systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable  firewalld
 2systemctl stop NetworkManager && systemctl disable  NetworkManager
 3
 4setenforce 0
 5sed -i s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/ /etc/selinux/config
 6
 7swapoff -a
 8sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
 9
10cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
11172.29.9.41 k8s-master1
12172.29.9.42 k8s-master2
13172.29.9.43 k8s-node1
14EOF
15
16cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
17net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
18net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
19EOF
20sysctl --system  
21
22
23yum install ntpdate -y
24ntpdate time.windows.com

2.配置3个节点的主机名

1hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master1
2bash
3
4hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master2
5bash
6
7hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node1
8bash

3.配置免密

3台机器做一个免密配置：(方便后期从一台机器往剩余机器快速传输文件)

1#本次在k8s-master1机器上做操作：
2
3ssh-keygen #连续回车即可
4ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.29.9.42
5ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.29.9.43

4.上传本次所需软件

将本次所需软件上传到k8s-master1节点：

img

👉 做个快照

此时，3个节点的初始化环境配置好了，都记得做一个快照！

2、部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用负载均衡器

👉 (只需在2个master节点配置即可)

1.安装软件包

👉 (master主备节点都要配置)

1yum install epel-release -y
2yum install nginx keepalived -y

2.Nginx配置文件

👉 (master主，备节点都要配置)

 1cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
 2user nginx;
 3worker_processes auto;
 4error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 5pid /run/nginx.pid;
 6
 7include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
 8
 9events {
10    worker_connections 1024;
11}
12
13# 四层负载均衡，为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡
14# 这个strem是为nginx4层负载均衡的一个模块，不使用的https 7层的负载均衡；
15stream {
16
17    log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
18
19    access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;
20
21    upstream k8s-apiserver {
22       server 172.29.9.41:6443;   # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT，修改为本次master节点的ip即可
23       server 172.29.9.42:6443;   # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
24    }
25    
26    server {
27       listen 16443;  # 由于nginx与master节点复用，这个监听端口不能是6443，否则会冲突
28       proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
29    }
30}
31
32http {
33    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
34                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
35                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
36
37    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
38
39    sendfile            on;
40    tcp_nopush          on;
41    tcp_nodelay         on;
42    keepalive_timeout   65;
43    types_hash_max_size 2048;
44
45    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
46    default_type        application/octet-stream;
47}
48EOF

3.keepalived配置文件

1、Nginx Master上配置

 1cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
 2global_defs { 
 3   notification_email { 
 4     acassen@firewall.loc 
 5     failover@firewall.loc 
 6     sysadmin@firewall.loc 
 7   } 
 8   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc  
 9   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
10   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
11   router_id NGINX_MASTER
12} 
13
14vrrp_script check_nginx {
15    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
16}
17
18vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
19    state MASTER 
20    interface ens33  # 修改为实际网卡名
21    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的 
22    priority 100    # 优先级，备服务器设置 90 
23    advert_int 1    # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒 
24    authentication { 
25        auth_type PASS      
26        auth_pass 1111 
27    }  
28    # 虚拟IP
29    virtual_ipaddress { 
30        172.29.9.88/16
31    } 
32    track_script {
33        check_nginx
34    } 
35}
36EOF

• vrrp_script：指定检查nginx工作状态脚本（根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移）

• virtual_ipaddress：虚拟IP（VIP）

准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本：

 1cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
 2#!/bin/bash
 3count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
 4
 5if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
 6    exit 1
 7else
 8    exit 0
 9fi
10EOF
11
12chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

2、Nginx Backup上配置

 1cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
 2global_defs { 
 3   notification_email { 
 4     acassen@firewall.loc 
 5     failover@firewall.loc 
 6     sysadmin@firewall.loc 
 7   } 
 8   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc  
 9   smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
10   smtp_connect_timeout 30 
11   router_id NGINX_BACKUP
12} 
13
14vrrp_script check_nginx {
15    script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
16}
17
18vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
19    state BACKUP 
20    interface ens33
21    virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的 
22    priority 90 #backup这里为90
23    advert_int 1
24    authentication { 
25        auth_type PASS      
26        auth_pass 1111 
27    }  
28    virtual_ipaddress { 
29        172.29.9.88/16 #VIP
30    } 
31    track_script {
32        check_nginx
33    } 
34}
35EOF
  • 准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本：
 1cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh  << "EOF"
 2#!/bin/bash
 3count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
 4
 5if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
 6    exit 1
 7else
 8    exit 0
 9fi
10EOF
11
12chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

注意：

注：keepalived根据脚本返回状态码（0为工作正常，非0不正常）判断是否故障转移。

4.启动并设置开机启动

👉 (2个master节点上都要配置)

1systemctl daemon-reload
2systemctl start nginx
3systemctl start keepalived
4systemctl enable nginx
5systemctl enable keepalived
  • 注意：在启动nginx时会报错

我们通过journalctl -u nginx发现ngixn报错原因：是现在的nginx版本里面不包含stream模块了，从而导致报错：

img

  • 可能需要我们单独去装下了：
1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#yum search stream|grep nginx
2nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 : Nginx stream modules
3
4yum install -y nginx-mod-stream
  • 再次启动：就ok了，这2个步骤在2个master节点都执行一遍。
1systemctl daemon-reload
2systemctl start nginx
3systemctl start keepalived
4systemctl enable nginx
5systemctl enable keepalived

img

5.查看keepalived工作状态

在master节点查看：

img

可以看到，在ens33网卡绑定了172.29.9..88 虚拟IP，说明工作正常。

6.Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试

  • 测试方法：

关闭主节点Nginx，测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。

在Nginx Master执行 pkill nginx

在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP。

  • 实际测试过程

首先我们在nginx master节点上看下ip情况：

img

再从winodws上长ping下这个VIP：

img

此时，在nginx master节点上查看nginx状态，并执行pkill nginx命令：

1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ss -antup|grep nginx
2tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:16443                 *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=25229,fd=7),("nginx",pid=25228,fd=7),("nginx",pid=25227,fd=7))
3[root@k8s-master1 ~]#pkill nginx
4[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ss -antup|grep nginx
5[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

img

再在nginx master节点上确认nginx状态，及看下ping测试情况：此时会丢一个包的。

img

在Nginx Backup，ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP：

img

符合预期现象。

此时再启动master节点上的nginx，并再次观察现象：

注意：keepalived在切换VIP时会丢1个包的。

img

img

img

👉 结论

01、master节点和backup节点都是有nginx服务在运行的；

02、keepalived在切换VIP时会丢1个包的； Keepalived是一个主流高可用软件，基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备，在上述拓扑中，Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移（偏移VIP），例如当Nginx主节点挂掉，VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点，从而保证VIP一直可用，实现Nginx高可用。

03、注意nginx服务;

img

3、部署Etcd集群

👉 (只需在etcd节点配置即可，但本次复用3个node节点来作为etcd使用，因此三个都需要配置)

1.准备cfssl证书生成工具

cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。

找任意一台服务器操作，这里用k8s-master1节点。

 11、自己下载软件方法
 2wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
 3wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
 4wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
 5#注意，以上链接若打不开，直接使用我提供的软件即可！
 6
 7chmod +x cfssl*
 8for x in cfssl*; do mv $x ${x%*_linux-amd64};  done
 9mv cfssl* /usr/bin
10
11
122、使用我的软件：
13#上传我的软件到机器上
14mv cfssl* /usr/bin

2. 生成Etcd证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

  • 创建工作目录：
1mkdir -p ~/etcd_tls
2cd ~/etcd_tls
  • 自签CA：
 1cat > ca-config.json << EOF
 2{
 3  "signing": {
 4    "default": {
 5      "expiry": "87600h"
 6    },
 7    "profiles": {
 8      "www": {
 9         "expiry": "87600h",
10         "usages": [
11            "signing",
12            "key encipherment",
13            "server auth",
14            "client auth"
15        ]
16      }
17    }
18  }
19}
20EOF
21
22cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
23{
24    "CN": "etcd CA",
25    "key": {
26        "algo": "rsa",
27        "size": 2048
28    },
29    "names": [
30        {
31            "C": "CN",
32            "L": "Beijing",
33            "ST": "Beijing"
34        }
35    ]
36}
37EOF
  • 生成证书：
1cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。

2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

  • 创建证书申请文件：
 1cat > server-csr.json << EOF
 2{
 3    "CN": "etcd",
 4    "hosts": [
 5    "172.29.9.41",
 6    "172.29.9.42",
 7    "172.29.9.43"
 8    ],
 9    "key": {
10        "algo": "rsa",
11        "size": 2048
12    },
13    "names": [
14        {
15            "C": "CN",
16            "L": "BeiJing",
17            "ST": "BeiJing"
18        }
19    ]
20}
21EOF

注意：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。多写几个etcd ip可以，但是少写的话，如果后期要扩容，就需要重新生成证书，比较麻烦些；

  • 生成证书：
1cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

3.从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

这里直接使用我提供的软件即可！

  • 将etcd软件上传到k8s-master节点上；
1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ll
2total 18044
3-r--------. 1 root root   545894 May 30 10:57 centos7-init.zip
4drwxr-xr-x  2 root root      174 Oct 19 22:28 etcd_tls
5-rw-r--r--  1 root root 17364053 Oct 19 22:31 etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
6-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   560272 May 30 10:48 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm
7[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

4.部署Etcd集群

👉 (以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3。)

1.创建工作目录并解压二进制包

1mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
2cd /root/
3tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
4mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2. 创建etcd配置文件

🍀 注释版：

 1cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
 2#[Member]
 3ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
 4ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
 5ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2380" #2380是 集群通信的端口；
 6ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2379" #2379是指它的数据端口，其他客户端要访问etcd数据库的读写都走的是这个端口；
 7
 8#[Clustering]
 9ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2380"
10ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2379"
11ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
12ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" #一种简单的认证机制，网络里可能配置了多套k8s集群，防止误同步；
13ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
14EOF

•ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一

•ETCD_DATADIR：数据目录

•ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址

•ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址

•ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址

•ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址

•ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址

•ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token

•ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

🍀 最终配置版：

 1cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
 2#[Member]
 3ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
 4ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
 5ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2380"
 6ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2379"
 7
 8#[Clustering]
 9ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2380"
10ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.41:2379"
11ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
12ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
13ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
14EOF

3.systemd管理etcd

 1cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
 2[Unit]
 3Description=Etcd Server
 4After=network.target
 5After=network-online.target
 6Wants=network-online.target
 7
 8[Service]
 9Type=notify
10EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
11ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
12--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
13--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
14--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
15--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
16--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
17--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
18--logger=zap
19Restart=on-failure
20LimitNOFILE=65536
21
22[Install]
23WantedBy=multi-user.target
24EOF

4.拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

1cp ~/etcd_tls/ca*pem ~/etcd_tls/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5.启动并设置开机启动

1systemctl daemon-reload
2systemctl start etcd
3systemctl enable etcd

👉 注意：第一个etcd服务启动很定会很慢，肯定会失败的；

为什么呢？

journalctl -u etcd -f #查看日志

1dial tcp 172.29.9.43:2380: conet: connection refused

img

注意：

通过查看日志可以看到，链接etcd另外2个节点报错，因此另外2个etcd节点的服务也需要起起来才行。

6.将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3

1scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.29.9.42:/opt/
2scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.29.9.42:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
3
4scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.29.9.43:/opt/
5scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.29.9.43:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：

 1vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
 2#[Member]
 3ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"   # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
 4ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
 5ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"   # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
 6ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
 7
 8#[Clustering]
 9ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
10ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
11ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
12ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
13ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
  • 最终配置：
 1#k8s-node1-172.29.9.42上配置
 2cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
 3#[Member]
 4ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
 5ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
 6ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2380"
 7ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2379"
 8
 9#[Clustering]
10ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2380"
11ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.42:2379"
12ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
13ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
14ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
15EOF
16
17
18#k8s-node1-172.29.9.43上配置
19cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
20#[Member]
21ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
22ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
23ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2380"
24ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2379"
25
26#[Clustering]
27ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2380"
28ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.29.9.43:2379"
29ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.29.9.41:2380,etcd-2=https://172.29.9.42:2380,etcd-3=https://172.29.9.43:2380"
30ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
31ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
32EOF
  • 最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上。
1systemctl daemon-reload
2systemctl start etcd
3systemctl enable etcd

img

7. 查看集群状态

1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://172.29.9.41:2379,https://172.29.9.42:2379,https://172.29.9.43:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

img

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。

如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

4、安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

1.安装Docker

 1yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
 2yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
 3
 4yum install -y yum install docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 containerd.io
 5
 6systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
 7
 8mkdir -p /etc/docker
 9tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
10{
11  "registry-mirrors":["https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com","http://qtid6917.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
12}
13EOF
14
15echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
16sysctl -p
17
18systemctl daemon-reload
19systemctl restart docker

2.添加阿里云YUM软件源

1cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
2[kubernetes]
3name=Kubernetes
4baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
5enabled=1
6gpgcheck=0
7repo_gpgcheck=0
8gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
9EOF

3.安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

1yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
2systemctl enable kubelet

5、部署Kubernetes Master

1.初始化Master1

👉 (在k8s-master1上操作)

  • 生成初始化配置文件：
 1cat > kubeadm-config.yaml << EOF
 2apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
 3bootstrapTokens:
 4- groups:
 5  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
 6  token: 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw
 7  ttl: 24h0m0s
 8  usages:
 9  - signing
10  - authentication
11kind: InitConfiguration
12localAPIEndpoint:
13  advertiseAddress: 172.29.9.41
14  bindPort: 6443
15nodeRegistration:
16  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
17  name: k8s-master1
18  taints:
19  - effect: NoSchedule
20    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
21---
22apiServer:
23  certSANs:  # 包含所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
24  - k8s-master1
25  - k8s-master2
26  - 172.29.9.41
27  - 172.29.9.42
28  - 172.29.9.88
29  - 127.0.0.1
30  extraArgs:
31    authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
32  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
33apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
34certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
35clusterName: kubernetes
36controlPlaneEndpoint: 172.29.9.88:16443 # 负载均衡虚拟IP（VIP）和端口
37controllerManager: {}
38dns:
39  type: CoreDNS
40etcd:
41  external:  # 使用外部etcd
42    endpoints:
43    - https://172.29.9.41:2379 # etcd集群3个节点
44    - https://172.29.9.42:2379
45    - https://172.29.9.43:2379
46    caFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem # 连接etcd所需证书
47    certFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
48    keyFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
49imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers # 由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
50kind: ClusterConfiguration
51kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0 # K8s版本，与上面安装的一致
52networking:
53  dnsDomain: cluster.local
54  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16  # Pod网络，与下面部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致
55  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12  # 集群内部虚拟网络，Pod统一访问入口
56scheduler: {}
57EOF
  • 使用配置文件引导：
 1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
 2[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.0
 3[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
 4        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
 5        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.9. Latest validated version: 19.03
 6[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
 7[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
 8[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
 9[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
10[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
11[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
12[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master1 k8s-master2 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.29.9.41 172.29.9.88 172.29.9.42 127.0.0.1]
13[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
14[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
15[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
16[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/ca certificate authority generation
17[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/server certificate generation
18[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/peer certificate generation
19[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/healthcheck-client certificate generation
20[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping apiserver-etcd-client certificate generation
21[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
22[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
23[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
24[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
25[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
26[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
27[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
28[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
29[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
30[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
31[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
32[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
33[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
34[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
35[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
36[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
37[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
38[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
39[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 17.036041 seconds
40[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
41[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
42[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
43[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master1 as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
44[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
45[bootstrap-token] Using token: 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw
46[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
47[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
48[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
49[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
50[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
51[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
52[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
53[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
54[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
55[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
56
57Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
58
59To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
60
61  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
62  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
63  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
64
65Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
66
67  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
68
69You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
70Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
71  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
72
73You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
74and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
75
76  kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
77    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d \
78    --control-plane
79
80Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
81
82kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
83    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d

初始化完成后，会有两个join的命令，带有 –control-plane 是用于加入组建多master集群的，不带的是加入节点的。

拷贝kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件到默认路径：

1mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
2sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
3sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
4
5[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubectl get node
6NAME          STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
7k8s-master1   NotReady   control-plane,master   7m34s   v1.20.0
8[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

2.初始化Master2

此时，若我们直接在k8s-master2节点上使用提示的命令join时会报错：

img

注意：我们再加入master2，执行这条命令的时候，实际上只是初始化生成了一些配置文件而已，但是他那个证书，它没有再给你重新初始化了，因为你作为第二个控制面板加入集群了，它证书不再给你重新初始化，这主要是因为你是同一个集群，因为它再重新给你初始化根证书等证书，会导致你集群里的证书不一致现象，那么就会带来后面很多关于证书方面的问题。所以我们要部署第二个节点的时候，我们要把第一个节点的证书拷贝过来，就不能再重新生成一套独立的证书了，包括后面的授权等都是基于这1套证书去实现的。

  • 将Master1节点生成的证书拷贝到Master2：
1scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/ 172.29.9.42:/etc/kubernetes/
  • 复制加入master join命令在master2执行：
1  kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
2    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d \
3    --control-plane

此时观看，发现加入成功！

拷贝kubectl使用的连接k8s认证文件到默认路径：

1mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
2sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
3sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
4
5[root@k8s-master2 ~]#kubectl get node
6NAME          STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
7k8s-master1   NotReady   control-plane,master   14m   v1.20.0
8k8s-master2   NotReady   control-plane,master   30s   v1.20.0
9[root@k8s-master2 ~]#

注：由于网络插件还没有部署，还没有准备就绪 NotReady。

3.访问负载均衡器测试

找K8s集群中任意一个节点，使用curl查看K8s版本测试，使用VIP访问：

本次使用k8s-master2节点跑这个测试命令：多执行几次。

 1[root@k8s-master2 ~]#curl -k https://172.29.9.88:16443/version
 2{
 3  "major": "1",
 4  "minor": "20",
 5  "gitVersion": "v1.20.0",
 6  "gitCommit": "af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38",
 7  "gitTreeState": "clean",
 8  "buildDate": "2020-12-08T17:51:19Z",
 9  "goVersion": "go1.15.5",
10  "compiler": "gc",
11  "platform": "linux/amd64"
12}[root@k8s-master2 ~]#

可以正确获取到K8s版本信息，说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程：curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

  • 通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP：这个在k8s-master1节点上测试
1tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f

img

测试成功。

6、加入Kubernetes Node

👉 在172.29.9.43（Node1）执行。

  • 向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：
1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubeadm token create --print-join-command
2kubeadm join 172.29.9.88:16443 --token vh0mrh.9s60jligjkrduacj     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b83d62021daef2cd62c0c19ee0f45adf574c2eaf1de28f0e6caafdabdf95951d
3[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

后续其他节点也是这样加入。

注：默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，可以直接在master节点直接使用命令快捷生成：kubeadm token create --print-join-command

7、部署网络组件

Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案。

  • 部署Calico：
1kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
2kubectl get pod -A

img

  • 等Calico Pod都Running，节点也会准备就绪：
1[root@k8s-master1 ~]#kubectl get node
2NAME          STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
3k8s-master1   Ready    control-plane,master   29m   v1.20.0
4k8s-master2   Ready    control-plane,master   24m   v1.20.0
5k8s-node1     Ready    <none>                 16m   v1.20.0
6[root@k8s-master1 ~]#

8、部署 Dashboard

Dashboard是官方提供的一个UI，可用于基本管理K8s资源。

1kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

查看部署

kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard

访问地址：https://NodeIP:30001

创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：

1kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
2kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
3
4kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
  • 使用输出的token登录Dashboard。

img

img

👉 以上步骤都做完后，记得为这3个节点做一个快照，方便后面集群损坏，从而快速恢复集群。

引用

感谢阿良老师的分享。😘

关于我

我的博客主旨：

  • 排版美观，语言精炼；
  • 文档即手册，步骤明细，拒绝埋坑，提供源码；
  • 本人实战文档都是亲测成功的，各位小伙伴在实际操作过程中如有什么疑问，可随时联系本人帮您解决问题，让我们一起进步！

🍀 微信二维码

x2675263825 （舍得）， qq：2675263825。

img

🍀 微信公众号

《云原生架构师实战》

img

🍀 博客

www.onlyyou520.com

img

img

🍀 csdn

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39246554?spm=1010.2135.3001.5421

img

🍀 知乎

https://www.zhihu.com/people/foryouone

img

最后

好了，关于本次就到这里了，感谢大家阅读，最后祝大家生活快乐，每天都过的有意义哦，我们下期见！

img

📡
👤 作者: 余温Gueen
🔗 链接: https://wiki.xxdevops.cn/topic/0lgbc
🌐 版权: 本站文章除特别声明外，均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 协议，转载请注明来自 余温Gueen Blog！
推荐使用微信支付
微信支付二维码
推荐使用支付宝
支付宝二维码
最新文章

文档导航