实战：通用二进制格式安装 MySQL(mysql-5.7.29)-2024.4.6(测试成功)

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发布日期: 2024-04-06

更新日期: 2024-04-17

文章字数: 1.7k

阅读时长: 8 分

实战：通用二进制格式安装 MySQL(mysql-5.7.29)-2024.4.6(测试成功)

实验环境

mysql-5.7.29
centos7.6 1810

软件位置：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Q0y9RW4dFgEnmK5Vc3SKUg?pwd=q2sj
提取码：q2sj
2024.4.6-实战：通用二进制格式安装 MySQL(mysql-5.7.29)-2024.4.6(测试成功)

下载url

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

安装相关包

yum -y install libaio numactl-libs

准备用户

useradd -r -s /bin/false mysql

准备二进制程序

tar xf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/
ln -s mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/

准备环境变量

echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

准备配置文件

cp /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}

vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
skip_name_resolve=1
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock        
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

生成数据库文件,并提取root密码

mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql 

...省略...
2019-07-04T13:03:54.258140Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for
root@localhost: LufavlMka6,!  #注意生成root的初始密码

grep password /data/mysql/mysql.log
2019-12-26T13:31:30.458826Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for
root@localhost: LufavlMka6,!

awk '/temporary password/{print $NF}' /data/mysql/mysql.log
LufavlMka6,!

⚠ 注意：

我这里实际测试时需要手动创建/data/mysql目录的，但老师当时测试时不需要直接创建的。

准备服务脚本和启动

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
service mysqld start

修改口令

mysqladmin -uroot -p'LufavlMka6,!'   password magedu

另外，自己这里测试时是需要到mysql里去修改密码的，使用mysqladmin是无法正常修改密码的；

自己这里测试时报错了：

[root@vm-template ~]#awk '/temporary password/{print $NF}' /data/mysql/mysql.log
?Ny,T;oKg5t>
[root@vm-template ~]#

mysqladmin -uroot -p'?Ny,T;oKg5t>'   password magedu

[root@vm-template ~]#mysqladmin -uroot -p'?Ny,T;oKg5t>'   password magedu
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Your password has expired. To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.'
[root@vm-template ~]#

📌 gpt

[root@vm-template ~]#mysqladmin -uroot -p'?Ny,T;oKg5t>'   password magedu
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Your password has expired. To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.'

当MySQL用户的密码过期时，您将无法用常规方法或常规客户端更改密码，因为它们可能不支持密码过期功能。在这种情况下，您需要使用支持密码过期的客户端来重置密码。对于MySQL，通常意味着您需要直接连接到MySQL服务器并通过命令行进行操作。

请按照以下步骤操作：

使用支持密码过期的MySQL客户端登录。打开终端，并尝试：
```
mysql -uroot -p
```
系统会提示您输入密码，这时输入您的旧密码 ?Ny,T;oKg5t>。
如果MySQL版本支持，登录后您可能会被提示修改密码。如果是，请按提示操作。
如果没有自动提示，或者提示不起作用，您可以在MySQL提示符下运行以下命令来设置新密码：
```
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('您的新密码');
```
或者，若MySQL版本为5.7.6或更新，应使用以下命令：
```
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '您的新密码';

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xyy520';
```
请确保将 '您的新密码' 替换为您想要的新密码。
执行完上述命令后，退出MySQL：
```
quit
```
现在您应该可以使用新密码通过mysqladmin或其他客户端工具连接到MySQL了。

如果您在这个过程中遇到任何问题，请再次检查您的MySQL服务器的版本和配置，因为不同版本可能需要略有不同的操作。

📌 再次测试（测试OK，符合预期）

[root@vm-template ~]#mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 20
Server version: 5.7.29

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xyy520';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye
[root@vm-template ~]#mysql -uroot -pxyy520
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye
[root@vm-template ~]#

测试登录

[root@vm-template ~]#mysql -uroot -pxyy520
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye
[root@vm-template ~]#

安全初始化（可选）

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none): #默认没密码，这里直接回车


You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] #输入n（远程可以登录）

#mysql.sock 使用unix socket登录（只能在本地登录，不能远程登录）；
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock文件

Change the root password? [Y/n] #输入y
New password: #输入密码：xyy520
Re-enter new password: 

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] #输入y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] #输入y，禁用root远程登录

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] #输入y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] #输入y（是否加载权限）