multipath

multipath
linux
发布日期:   2023-12-05
更新日期:   2023-12-06
文章字数:   6.7k
阅读时长:   36 分

更新于：2023年12月6日

multipath

目录

[toc]

1、什么是multipath

multipath是linux系统中用于实现设备路径冗余和负载均衡的一种机制。通过multipath机制，能够实现在系统中同一个设备可以存在多条路径，并且可以通过系统内部自己实现的算法，实现这些路径上的读写或访问负载均衡。同时，如果某些路径出现故障，系统也可以自动切换到其他可用的路径上。这样，可以提高系统的可靠性以及存储的效率。

2、multipath配置文件

要配置multipath，需要使用multipath.conf配置文件。该文件位于/etc/multipath.conf中。该文件中包含了一些关于multipath的基本参数设置，同时还包含了一些不同存储设备的类型信息以及对应的路径优先级，这些参数可以通过修改multipath.conf来实现。

demo1(最小化配置)

[root@docker ~]#cat /etc/multipath.conf
defaults {
	user_friendly_names yes
	find_multipaths yes
}

demo2

下面是multipath.conf文件的一个示例：

defaults {
    user_friendly_names yes
    find_multipaths yes
    path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
    path_selector "round-robin 0"
    failback immediate
    rr_min_io 100
}

blacklist {
    devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
    devnode "^hd[a-z][[0-9]*"
    devnode "^cciss!c[0-9]*d[0-9]*"
    devnode "^ssv-(.*)(zer|tic)"
}

blacklist_exceptions {
    wwid ".*"
}

devices {
    device {
        vendor "NETAPP"
        product "LUN"
        path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
        prio "alua"
        features "1 queue_if_no_path"
        hardware_handler "1 alua"
    }
}

可以看到，multipath.conf文件包括了以下几个部分：

  • defaults: 这个部分包含了一些默认设置，如user_friendly_names（指是否启用友好设备名称）、find_multipaths（指是否查找多路径）等。
  • blacklist: 这个部分包含了需要屏蔽的设备类型或名称。在上面的示例中，会屏蔽一些设备类型和名称，如ram、raw、loop、fd等。
  • blacklist_exceptions: 这个部分包含了不需要屏蔽的设备类型或名称。在上面的示例中，所有的设备都不需要屏蔽。
  • devices: 这个部分包含了需要配置的设备信息。在上面的示例中，我们定义了一个设备，并指定了它的厂商、产品名称以及一些其他参数。

demo3

blacklist {
        wwid    3600508b1001c044c39717726236c68d5
}

defaults {
    user_friendly_names       yes
    polling_interval            10
    queue_without_daemon    no
    flush_on_last_del          yes
    checker_timeout 120
}


devices {
    device {
        vendor                 "3par8400"
        product                "HP"
        path_grouping_policy    asmdisk
        no_path_retry           30
        prio                    hp_sw
        path_checker            tur
        path_selector           "round-robin 0"
        hardware_handler       "0"
        failback                15
        }
}


multipaths {
        multipath {
           wwid    360002ac0000000000000000300023867
           alias    mpathdisk01
        }
}

如果有两个或者多个就再加一条即可。
multipaths {
        multipath {
           wwid    360002ac0000000000000000400023867
           alias    mpathdisk02
        }
}

字段解析

这段代码是一个 multipath.conf 配置文件，用于配置 Linux 操作系统中的多路径设备。以下是每个字段的含义：

blacklist：定义了一些被禁用的设备，只要 WWID 匹配了列表中的任何一个，它就会被黑名单所拒绝。
wwid：唯一标识多路径设备的 32 位十六进制字符串。
defaults：定义了一些默认设置，这些设置可以在其他部分被重写。
user_friendly_names：使多路径设备更易于理解和使用。
polling_interval：检查路径状态的频率（以秒为单位）。
queue_without_daemon：定义了当 multipathd 守护程序处于未运行状态时处理 I/O 请求的行为。
flush_on_last_del：在删除最后一个路径时是否刷新 IO 缓存。
checker_timeout：指定检查器超时的时间。
devices：包含一个或多个
device 块，每个块都描述了一个特定的多路径设备。
device：描述了一个多路径设备及其属性。
vendor、product：设备的制造商和产品名称。
path_grouping_policy：指定将路径分组到哪个组中。
no_path_retry：当无法访问某个路径时进行重试的次数。
prio：指定优先级算法，如 alua、emc、hp_sw 等。
path_checker：指定 IO 路径检查器的类型。
path_selector：指定选择路径的算法。例如，“round-robin 0” 表示依次将请求分发到每个路径上。
hardware_handler：指定用于处理硬件错误的脚本或程序。
failback：指定多长时间后进行故障切换。
multipaths：包含一个或多个
multipath 块，每个块都描述了一个设备的多个路径。
alias：为指定的多路径设备定义别名。

prio 是 multipath.conf 配置文件中的一个关键字，表示优先级算法。它可以指定多路径设备使用哪种算法来选择 I/O 请求路径。例如：

prio ==alua==

以上配置指定了使用 Asymmetric Logical Unit Access(ALUA) 算法进行路径选择。这个算法主要用于 SAN 存储环境下，能够更好地处理存储阵列并发访问的问题。

除了 ALUA，还有其他一些可用的优先级算法，如：
emc：用于与 EMC 存储阵列配合使用。
hp_sw：用于与 HP 存储阵列配合使用。
rdac：用于与 LSI 存储阵列配合使用。

如果没有指定 prio 设置，则默认为 const（优先选择第一个路径）算法，或者是上层应用程序自己控制路径选择。

3、命令

multipath工具提供了一些命令行命令来实现对设备路径的操作。以下是一些常用命令：

  • multipath -ll: 查看多路径设备的信息。**(常用)**
  • multipath -l: 查看当前活动路径的设备信息。
  • multipath -F: 刷新multipath状态。**(常用)**
  • multipath -f: 阻止设备出现在多路径设备列表中。
  • multipath -r: 重新配置multipath。

除此之外，还有很多其他的命令可以使用。可以通过man multipath试图获取更多的信息。

案例：查看多路径设备的信息。(常用)

用以下命令列出系统中所有的多路径设备及其 WWID：

multipath -ll

这个命令将显示多路径设备的别名、WWID 和路径等信息。

[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -ll
mpathd (360060e80072be00000302be000000280) dm-10 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=30G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:3 sdf 8:80  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:3 sdj 8:144 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:3 sdn 8:208 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:3 sdr 65:16 active ready running
mpathc (360060e80072be00000302be00000027f) dm-9 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:2 sde 8:64  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:2 sdi 8:128 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:2 sdm 8:192 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:2 sdq 65:0  active ready running
mpathb (360060e80072be00000302be00000027e) dm-8 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:1 sdh 8:112 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:1 sdp 8:240 active ready running
mpatha (360060e80072be00000302be00000027a) dm-7 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=1000G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:0 sdg 8:96  active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:0 sdk 8:160 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:0 sdo 8:224 active ready running
[root@NSR-db1 ~]#

案例：刷新multipath状态

multipath -F: 刷新multipath状态。**(常用)**

  -v lvl  verbosity level
          . 0 no output
          . 1 print created devmap names only
          . 2 default verbosity
          . 3 print debug information
          
#刷新
multipath -F

#刷新
multipath -v2 -F
multipath -v2

#重新扫描设备 multipath -v3
multipath -v3 -F
multipath -v3
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -F

[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -v2 -F
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -v3 -F
Dec 05 14:37:55 | set open fds limit to 1048576/1048576
Dec 05 14:37:55 | loading /lib64/multipath/libcheckdirectio.so checker
Dec 05 14:37:55 | loading /lib64/multipath/libprioconst.so prioritizer
Dec 05 14:37:55 | unloading const prioritizer
Dec 05 14:37:55 | unloading directio checker
[root@NSR-db1 ~]#

案例：-v2/-v3 打印信息

-v lvl  verbosity level
        . 0 no output
        . 1 print created devmap names only
        . 2 default verbosity
        . 3 print debug information

[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -v2
create: mpatha (360060e80072be00000302be00000027a) undef HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=1000G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=undef
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=undef
  |- 7:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  undef ready running
  |- 7:0:1:0 sdg 8:96  undef ready running
  |- 8:0:0:0 sdk 8:160 undef ready running
  `- 8:0:1:0 sdo 8:224 undef ready running
create: mpathb (360060e80072be00000302be00000027e) undef HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=undef
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=undef
  |- 7:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  undef ready running
  |- 7:0:1:1 sdh 8:112 undef ready running
  |- 8:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 undef ready running
  `- 8:0:1:1 sdp 8:240 undef ready running
create: mpathc (360060e80072be00000302be00000027f) undef HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=undef
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=undef
  |- 7:0:0:2 sde 8:64  undef ready running
  |- 7:0:1:2 sdi 8:128 undef ready running
  |- 8:0:0:2 sdm 8:192 undef ready running
  `- 8:0:1:2 sdq 65:0  undef ready running
create: mpathd (360060e80072be00000302be000000280) undef HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=30G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=undef
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=undef
  |- 7:0:0:3 sdf 8:80  undef ready running
  |- 7:0:1:3 sdj 8:144 undef ready running
  |- 8:0:0:3 sdn 8:208 undef ready running
  `- 8:0:1:3 sdr 65:16 undef ready running
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# 


[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -v3
Dec 05 14:39:09 | set open fds limit to 1048576/1048576
Dec 05 14:39:09 | loading /lib64/multipath/libcheckdirectio.so checker
Dec 05 14:39:09 | loading /lib64/multipath/libprioconst.so prioritizer
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: not found in pathvec
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: mask = 0x3f
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: dev_t = 8:0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: size = 937406464
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: vendor = PM8060- 
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: product = 1               
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: rev = V1.0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: h:b:t:l = 0:0:0:0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: path state = running

Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: 58350 cyl, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, start at 0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: serial = E274D1D3
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: get_state
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: detect_checker = 1 (config file default)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: path checker = directio (internal default)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: checker timeout = 45000 ms (sysfs setting)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | directio: starting new request
Dec 05 14:39:09 | directio: io finished 4096/0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: directio state = up
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: uid_attribute = ID_SERIAL (internal default)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: uid = 2d3d174e200d00000 (udev)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: detect_prio = 1 (config file default)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: prio = const (internal default)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: prio args =  (internal default)
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sda: const prio = 1
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: not found in pathvec
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: mask = 0x3f
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: dev_t = 8:16
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: size = 4676648960
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: vendor = PM8060- 
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: product = raid10          
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: rev = V1.0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: h:b:t:l = 0:0:1:0
Dec 05 14:39:09 | sdb: path state = running

案例：查看当前活动路径的设备信息

multipath -l: 查看当前活动路径的设备信息。

[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -l
mpathd (360060e80072be00000302be000000280) dm-10 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=30G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:3 sdf 8:80  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:3 sdj 8:144 active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:3 sdn 8:208 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:3 sdr 65:16 active undef running
mpathc (360060e80072be00000302be00000027f) dm-9 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:2 sde 8:64  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:2 sdi 8:128 active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:2 sdm 8:192 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:2 sdq 65:0  active undef running
mpathb (360060e80072be00000302be00000027e) dm-8 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:1 sdh 8:112 active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:1 sdp 8:240 active undef running
mpatha (360060e80072be00000302be00000027a) dm-7 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=1000G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:0 sdg 8:96  active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:0 sdk 8:160 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:0 sdo 8:224 active undef running
[root@NSR-db1 ~]#

案例：查看硬盘的 WWID

使用以下命令来查看硬盘的 WWID：

sudo udevadm info --query=all --name=/dev/sdX | grep ID_SERIAL

将 /dev/sdX 替换为您要查看的磁盘设备，例如 /dev/sda 或 /dev/sdb。该命令将打印出设备的所有属性，然后使用 grep 命令过滤出包含 ID_SERIAL 的行，从而找到设备的 WWID。

案例：查看状态 multipath -d -l

-d      dry run, do not create or update devmaps
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -d -l
mpathd (360060e80072be00000302be000000280) dm-10 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=30G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:3 sdf 8:80  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:3 sdj 8:144 active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:3 sdn 8:208 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:3 sdr 65:16 active undef running
mpathc (360060e80072be00000302be00000027f) dm-9 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:2 sde 8:64  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:2 sdi 8:128 active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:2 sdm 8:192 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:2 sdq 65:0  active undef running
mpathb (360060e80072be00000302be00000027e) dm-8 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:1 sdh 8:112 active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:1 sdp 8:240 active undef running
mpatha (360060e80072be00000302be00000027a) dm-7 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=1000G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=0 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  active undef running
  |- 7:0:1:0 sdg 8:96  active undef running
  |- 8:0:0:0 sdk 8:160 active undef running
  `- 8:0:1:0 sdo 8:224 active undef running
[root@NSR-db1 ~]#

4、==工作实战==

这个是经过工作实际测试过的。

实战：multipath配置-2023.12.5(测试成功)

环境：

centos7.9

默认情况下，linux是没安装multipath服务的，需要我们手动安装。

1、安装

  • 安装multipath服务
yum install device-mapper-multipath

⚠ 注意：

注意：自己经实际测试，这里是不用将多路径软件添加至内核模块中，默认会自动添加的（这里仅做记录）

[root@docker ~]#lsmod |grep multipath
dm_multipath           27792  0 
dm_mod                128595  10 dm_multipath,dm_log,dm_mirror

2、配置

  • 安装multipath软件后的现象
[root@docker ~]#multipath -ll
Dec 05 08:41:19 | DM multipath kernel driver not loaded
Dec 05 08:41:19 | /etc/multipath.conf does not exist, blacklisting all devices.
Dec 05 08:41:19 | A default multipath.conf file is located at
Dec 05 08:41:19 | /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf
Dec 05 08:41:19 | You can run /sbin/mpathconf --enable to create
Dec 05 08:41:19 | /etc/multipath.conf. See man mpathconf(8) for more details
Dec 05 08:41:19 | DM multipath kernel driver not loaded
[root@docker ~]#
  • 继续处理,我们来看下提示文件/usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf的内容
[root@docker ~]#cat /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf
# This is a basic configuration file with some examples, for device mapper
# multipath.
#
# For a complete list of the default configuration values, run either
# multipath -t
# or
# multipathd show config
#
# For a list of configuration options with descriptions, see the multipath.conf
# man page

### By default, devices with vendor = "IBM" and product = "S/390.*" are
### blacklisted. To enable mulitpathing on these devies, uncomment the
### following lines.
#blacklist_exceptions {
#	device {
#		vendor	"IBM"
#		product	"S/390.*"
#	}
#}

### Use user friendly names, instead of using WWIDs as names.
defaults {
	user_friendly_names yes
	find_multipaths yes
}
###
### Here is an example of how to configure some standard options.
###
#
#defaults {
#	polling_interval 	10
#	path_selector		"round-robin 0"
#	path_grouping_policy	multibus
#	uid_attribute		ID_SERIAL
#	prio			alua
#	path_checker		readsector0
#	rr_min_io		100
#	max_fds			8192
#	rr_weight		priorities
#	failback		immediate
#	no_path_retry		fail
#	user_friendly_names	yes
#}
###
### The wwid line in the following blacklist section is shown as an example
### of how to blacklist devices by wwid.  The 2 devnode lines are the
### compiled in default blacklist. If you want to blacklist entire types
### of devices, such as all scsi devices, you should use a devnode line.
### However, if you want to blacklist specific devices, you should use
### a wwid line.  Since there is no guarantee that a specific device will
### not change names on reboot (from /dev/sda to /dev/sdb for example)
### devnode lines are not recommended for blacklisting specific devices.
###
#blacklist {
#       wwid 26353900f02796769
#	devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
#	devnode "^hd[a-z]"
#}
#multipaths {
#	multipath {
#		wwid			3600508b4000156d700012000000b0000
#		alias			yellow
#		path_grouping_policy	multibus
#		path_selector		"round-robin 0"
#		failback		manual
#		rr_weight		priorities
#		no_path_retry		5
#	}
#	multipath {
#		wwid			1DEC_____321816758474
#		alias			red
#	}
#}
#devices {
#	device {
#		vendor			"COMPAQ  "
#		product			"HSV110 (C)COMPAQ"
#		path_grouping_policy	multibus
#		path_checker		readsector0
#		path_selector		"round-robin 0"
#		hardware_handler	"0"
#		failback		15
#		rr_weight		priorities
#		no_path_retry		queue
#	}
#	device {
#		vendor			"COMPAQ  "
#		product			"MSA1000         "
#		path_grouping_policy	multibus
#	}
#}

（默认multipath文件已经存在系统上了，需要我们使用以下命令来启用它）

[root@docker ~]#/sbin/mpathconf --enable

我们再次看下multipath的配置文件：（==本次为最小化配置==）

[root@docker ~]#cat /etc/multipath.conf
……
defaults {
	user_friendly_names yes
	find_multipaths yes
}
……

3、启动并查看multipath服务

[root@docker ~]#systemctl enable multipathd --now
[root@docker ~]#systemctl status multipathd
● multipathd.service - Device-Mapper Multipath Device Controller
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/multipathd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2023-12-05 08:45:24 CST; 1s ago
  Process: 16025 ExecStart=/sbin/multipathd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 16022 ExecStartPre=/sbin/multipath -A (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 16020 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe dm-multipath (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 16028 (multipathd)
    Tasks: 6
   Memory: 2.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/multipathd.service
           └─16028 /sbin/multipathd

12月 05 08:45:24 docker systemd[1]: Starting Device-Mapper Multipath Device Controller...
12月 05 08:45:24 docker systemd[1]: Started Device-Mapper Multipath Device Controller.
12月 05 08:45:24 docker multipathd[16028]: path checkers start up



###重启服务命令
##systemctl restart multipathd

##centos6用以下方式重启服务
##/etc/init.d/multipathd restart
  • centos6 用以下方式
查看启动级别
chkconfig --list|grep multipathd
multipathd         0:off    1:off    2:off    3:off    4:off    5:off    6:off

配置启动级别
chkconfig --level 2345 multipathd on
chkconfig --list|grep multipathd
multipathd         0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

4、验证多路径

[root@docker ~]#multipath -ll

如果出现“ACTIVE”状态的磁盘，则意味着Multipath已经成功地配置并且工作正常。

⚠ 注意：

以下2点仅做记录，自己测试无需配置以下2点，multipath服务也是可以正常生效的。

  • 更新Initramfs：

    在修改了Multipath配置之后，可能需要更新Initramfs以确保内核在启动时正确加载Multipath设置：

    sudo dracut -f

  • 重启系统：

    为了应用所有更改，最好重新启动系统：

    sudo reboot

5、交付前信息收集

  • 2台机器信息

  • node1
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# lsblk 
NAME                   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda                      8:0    1  447G  0 disk  
├─sda1                   8:1    1 1000M  0 part  /boot
└─sda2                   8:2    1  446G  0 part  
  ├─sys_vg00-root_lv00 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm   /
  ├─sys_vg00-swap_lv00 253:1    0   64G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
  ├─sys_vg00-usr_lv00  253:2    0   10G  0 lvm   /usr
  ├─sys_vg00-opt_lv00  253:3    0   20G  0 lvm   /opt
  ├─sys_vg00-tmp_lv00  253:4    0   10G  0 lvm   /tmp
  ├─sys_vg00-var_lv00  253:5    0   50G  0 lvm   /var
  └─sys_vg00-home_lv00 253:6    0  100G  0 lvm   /home
sdb                      8:16   1  2.2T  0 disk  
└─sdb1                   8:17   1  2.2T  0 part  /data1
sdc                      8:32   0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdd                      8:48   0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sde                      8:64   0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdf                      8:80   0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
sdg                      8:96   0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdh                      8:112  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdi                      8:128  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdj                      8:144  0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
sdk                      8:160  0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdl                      8:176  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdm                      8:192  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdn                      8:208  0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
sdo                      8:224  0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdp                      8:240  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdq                     65:0    0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdr                     65:16   0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# 


[root@NSR-db1 ~]# multipath -ll
mpathd (360060e80072be00000302be000000280) dm-10 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=30G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:3 sdf 8:80  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:3 sdj 8:144 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:3 sdn 8:208 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:3 sdr 65:16 active ready running
mpathc (360060e80072be00000302be00000027f) dm-9 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:2 sde 8:64  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:2 sdi 8:128 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:2 sdm 8:192 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:2 sdq 65:0  active ready running
mpathb (360060e80072be00000302be00000027e) dm-8 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:1 sdh 8:112 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:1 sdp 8:240 active ready running
mpatha (360060e80072be00000302be00000027a) dm-7 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=1000G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:0 sdg 8:96  active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:0 sdk 8:160 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:0 sdo 8:224 active ready running

[root@NSR-db1 ~]# ls /dev/sd
sda   sda1  sda2  sdb   sdb1  sdc   sdd   sde   sdf   sdg   sdh   sdi   sdj   sdk   sdl   sdm   sdn   sdo   sdp   sdq   sdr   
[root@NSR-db1 ~]# ls /dev/sd


[root@NSR-db1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 480.0 GB, 479952109568 bytes, 937406464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d0e82

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2050047     1024000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2050048   937406463   467678208   8e  Linux LVM
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sdb: 2394.4 GB, 2394444267520 bytes, 4676648960 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: C94C497D-46C4-47D8-85B6-3C28768F5470


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1           34   4676647007    2.2T  Microsoft basic primary

Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-root_lv00: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-swap_lv00: 68.7 GB, 68719476736 bytes, 134217728 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-usr_lv00: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-opt_lv00: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-tmp_lv00: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-var_lv00: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/sys_vg00-home_lv00: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdc: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdd: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sde: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdf: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdg: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdh: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdi: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdj: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdk: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdl: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdm: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdn: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdo: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdp: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdq: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdr: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/mpatha: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/mpathb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/mpathc: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/mpathd: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@NSR-db1 ~]#
  • node2
[root@NSR-db2 ~]# lsblk 
NAME                   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda                      8:0    1  447G  0 disk  
├─sda1                   8:1    1 1000M  0 part  /boot
└─sda2                   8:2    1  446G  0 part  
  ├─sys_vg00-root_lv00 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm   /
  ├─sys_vg00-swap_lv00 253:1    0   64G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
  ├─sys_vg00-usr_lv00  253:2    0   10G  0 lvm   /usr
  ├─sys_vg00-opt_lv00  253:3    0   20G  0 lvm   /opt
  ├─sys_vg00-tmp_lv00  253:4    0   10G  0 lvm   /tmp
  ├─sys_vg00-var_lv00  253:5    0   50G  0 lvm   /var
  └─sys_vg00-home_lv00 253:6    0  100G  0 lvm   /home
sdb                      8:16   1  3.3T  0 disk  
└─sdb1                   8:17   1  3.3T  0 part  /data1
sdc                      8:32   0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdd                      8:48   0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sde                      8:64   0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdf                      8:80   0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
sdg                      8:96   0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdh                      8:112  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdi                      8:128  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdj                      8:144  0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
sdk                      8:160  0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdl                      8:176  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdm                      8:192  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdn                      8:208  0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
sdo                      8:224  0 1000G  0 disk  
└─mpatha               253:7    0 1000G  0 mpath 
sdp                      8:240  0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathb               253:8    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdq                     65:0    0  200G  0 disk  
└─mpathc               253:9    0  200G  0 mpath 
sdr                     65:16   0   30G  0 disk  
└─mpathd               253:10   0   30G  0 mpath 
[root@NSR-db2 ~]# 


[root@NSR-db2 ~]# multipath -ll
mpathd (360060e80072be00000302be000000280) dm-10 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=30G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:3 sdf 8:80  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:3 sdj 8:144 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:3 sdn 8:208 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:3 sdr 65:16 active ready running
mpathc (360060e80072be00000302be00000027f) dm-9 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:2 sde 8:64  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:2 sdi 8:128 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:2 sdm 8:192 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:2 sdq 65:0  active ready running
mpathb (360060e80072be00000302be00000027e) dm-8 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=200G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:1 sdd 8:48  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:1 sdh 8:112 active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:1 sdl 8:176 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:1 sdp 8:240 active ready running
mpatha (360060e80072be00000302be00000027a) dm-7 HITACHI ,OPEN-V          
size=1000G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
  |- 7:0:0:0 sdc 8:32  active ready running
  |- 7:0:1:0 sdg 8:96  active ready running
  |- 8:0:0:0 sdk 8:160 active ready running
  `- 8:0:1:0 sdo 8:224 active ready running
[root@NSR-db2 ~]#

说明

这个只是一个简单的multipath服务配置，具体配置细节会由业务dba去配置的，这里只是检查底层zone配置过来的硬盘路径是否一致。

参考

https://www.python100.com/html/MT38R0OB557Y.html

https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61069946/article/details/131043755

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好了，关于本次就到这里了，感谢大家阅读，最后祝大家生活快乐，每天都过的有意义哦，我们下期见！

文章作者: hg
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